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Gardiner Wilkinson, in his work on Egypt, has an engraving of an Ethiopian princess travelling through Upper Egypt in a chariot a kind of umbrella fastened to a stout pole rises in the centre, bearing a close affinity to what are now termed chaise umbrellas. Typically it is depicted as a flabellum, a fan of palm-leaves or coloured feathers fixed on a long handle, resembling those now carried behind the Pope in processions. The earliest known parasols in Ancient Egyptian art date back to the Fifth Dynasty, around 2450 BC. These were used as sunshade and fan alike ( flabellum). īrolly is a slang word for umbrella, used often in Australia, Ireland, Kenya, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United Kingdom.īumbershoot is a rare and fanciful Americanism from the late 19th century. Gamp in the Charles Dickens novel Martin Chuzzlewit as the character was well known for carrying an umbrella, although this usage is now dated or obsolete. In Britain, umbrellas were sometimes referred to as "gamps" after the character Mrs. The Oxford English Dictionary records this as happening in the 17th century, with the first recorded usage in 1610. The word umbrella evolved from the Latin umbra, meaning 'shaded' or 'shadow'. Hence, a parasol shields from sunlight while a parapluie shields from rain.
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Parapluie (French) similarly consists of para combined with pluie, which means 'rain' (which in turn derives from pluvia, the Latin word for rain). The word parasol (originally from French) is a combination of para, meaning 'to shield from' derived from the Latin parare, and sol, meaning 'sun'. When used for snow, it is called a paraneige. An umbrella may also be called a brolly ( UK slang), parapluie ( nineteenth century, French origin), rainshade, gamp ( British, informal, dated), or bumbershoot ( rare, facetious American slang). Parasols are occasionally called sunshades. Larger parasols capable of blocking the sun for several people are often used as fixed or semi-fixed devices, used with patio tables or other outdoor furniture, or as points of shade on a sunny beach. Umbrellas are available in a range of price and quality points, ranging from inexpensive, modest quality models sold at discount stores to expensive, finely made, designer-labeled models. Hand-held umbrellas have a type of handle which can be made from wood, a plastic cylinder or a bent "crook" handle (like the handle of a cane). Another distinction can be made between manually operated umbrellas and spring-loaded automatic umbrellas, which spring open at the press of a button. Umbrellas can be divided into two categories: fully collapsible umbrellas, in which the metal pole supporting the canopy retracts, making the umbrella small enough to fit in a handbag, and non-collapsible umbrellas, in which the support pole cannot retract and only the canopy can be collapsed. The largest hand-portable umbrellas are golf umbrellas.
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Umbrellas and parasols are primarily hand-held portable devices sized for personal use. There are also combinations of parasol and umbrella that are called en-tout-cas (French for "in any case"). Umbrella canopies may be made of fabric or flexible plastic. Often the difference is the material used for the canopy some parasols are not waterproof, and some umbrellas are transparent. The term umbrella is traditionally used when protecting oneself from rain, with parasol used when protecting oneself from sunlight, though the terms continue to be used interchangeably.
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It is designed to protect a person against rain or sunlight. An umbrella or parasol is a folding canopy supported by wooden or metal ribs that is usually mounted on a wooden, metal, or plastic pole.